The relationship between law and morality is a topic which receives special importance and attention, especially in "liberal democracies" in which the law is supposed to regulate highly pluralized and fragmented societies. Under conditions of plurality of values, many social forces and legal theories require a certain kind of neutrality from the legal system, a means of compatibility of the many "world views" and "moral systems" that are present within the same social space. Such a conciliating commitment sounds particularly relevant (...) in times of the doctrinal ubiquity of ideas such as "peace based on human rights". This was the title of the 28th World Congress of the IVR in Lisbon, with the special workshop "Law and Morals" on which this book is based. It is divided into four parts: "Law and Practical Reason", "Conceptual Approaches on Law and Morals", "Legal versus Moral Normativity", and "Morals and Legal Positivism". (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta memórias da experiência docente de uma jovem que se tornou negra na Universidade, reconfigurando assim a forma de se posicionar no mundo acadêmico e na vida pessoal. Os relatos são apresentados em forma de carta, um recurso metodologicamente criativo, conforme Figueiredo (2015), que aproxima a narrativa de acontecimentos em diálogo com autoras negras, preferencialmente. Ao relatar sua experiência, a autora toma a ideia de espelhos que se constroem e são construídos a partir de vivências acadêmicas. Ao utilizar (...) o “tornar-se negro”, conceito cunhado por Neuza Santos Souza (1983), como fio de condução desse diálogo, é possível refletir com criticidade sobre as dificuldades e apagamentos na difusão de pensadoras e pensadores negros na ciência, principalmente em ciências sociais aplicadas. Dessa forma, este trabalho sugere uma (re)descontrução dos componentes curriculares em todos os cursos do ensino superior para que discussões e conhecimentos produzidos no Brasil incorporem os saberes da intelectualidade negra desse país, efetivando a transformação social. (shrink)

O PROBLEMA DO LICENCIAMENTO DE GRANDES EMPREENDIMENTOS PRIVADOS EM FACE DO DIREITO URBANÍSTICO: ANÁLISE DE UM CASO EMBLEMÁTICO NA PERIFERIA DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RIO DE JANEIRO.

Prof. Dr. Stefan Lorenz Sorgner combines two essential attributes: He is one of the brilliant minds of our times, and his specialization is on one of the most relevant discussions on philosophy, Trans/Post/Metahumanism. He received his BA from King’s College/University of London, his MA by thesis from the University of Durham, UK, and his Dr. Phil. from the University of Jena, Germany. In recent years, he taught at the University of Jena, University of Erfurt, University of Klagenfurt, Ewha Woman’s University (...) in Seoul and University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. (shrink)

O artigo reflete sobre a expressão perceptiva da poesia na metafísica da carne. Nele, busca se a compreensão do entrelaçamento corpo e poesia transformando a existência, onde a palavra poética se mostra de maneira encarnada. O trabalho reflete a revelação do corpo por intermédio da poesia se mostrando ao mundo por meio da experiência estética e da criação poética. Nele, mostra-se a compreensão entre a arte poética e o corpo, num diálogo sensível, que ontologicamente se revela ao mundo na expressão (...) criativa, na linguagem, na estética, expandindo e dando sentido à existência, sempre em busca da elaboração de sentidos e na construção de novos significados. Tendo a filosofia de Merleau-Ponty como aporte teórico, os passos dados no artigo têm na experiência estética a expressão perceptiva da poesia na metafísica da carne, mostrando o universo da criação poética, a qual revela a existência por meio da palavra encarnada e traz novas maneiras de perceber-se e de perceber o mundo. (shrink)

1. Do realismo clássico à análise mítica.

For centuries, natural law was the main philosophical legal paradigm. Now, it is a wonder when a court of law invokes it. Arthur Kaufmann already underlined a modern general "horror iuris naturalis". We also know, with Winfried Hassemer, that the succession of legal paradigms is a matter of fashion. But why did natural law become outdated? Are there any remnants of it still alive today? This book analyses a number of prejudices and myths that have created a general misconception of (...) natural law. As Jean-Marc Trigeaud put it: there is a natural law that positivists invented. Not the real one(s). It seeks to understand not only the usual adversaries of natural law (like legalists, positivists and historicists) but also its further enemies, the inner enemies of natural law, such as internal aporias, political and ideological manipulations, etc. The book puts forward a reasoned and balanced examination of this treasure of western political and juridical though. And, if we look at it another way, natural law is by no means a loser in our times: because it lives in modern human rights. (shrink)

Drawing on the interactionist perspective of innovation and on the sustainable ethical strength framework, the present research examines the moderating role of supervisors’ moral courage to go beyond compliance in the relationships between teamwork quality, team creativity, and team idea implementation. Two field studies, using multi-source and multi-wave data, indicated that teamwork quality was positively related to team idea implementation via team creativity, particularly when team supervisors revealed moral courage to go beyond compliance. When supervisors lacked such courage, teams struggled (...) to develop creative ideas and to implement them. Robustness checks and tests of alternative theoretical explanations indicated that our model and findings are robust. From a theoretical perspective, our findings indicate that, due to its empowering and promotion focused orientation, supervisors’ courage to go beyond compliance has relevance for the teamwork and team innovation domains, playing an important moderating role in defining whether quality teamwork leads to enhanced team creativity and team idea implementation. (shrink)

Este ensaio visa refletir sobre as questões de tradução levantadas por Jacques Derrida (1987), questões essas que não chegam a formalizar uma teoria da tradução, mas têm elas o ato de traduzir o original como veredas a ser percorridas por um sujeito endividado, ou seja, o tradutor. No dizer de Derrida, “a tarefa do tradutor indica a lei e a missão outorgada pelo outro a que o tradutor deve responder”. Neste sentido, entendemos aqui a tradução como um ato de diálogo, (...) de negociação, uma vez que a língua, nesta perspectiva, é aquilo que não se deixa possuir. Com isso, os problemas da tradução são - de um lado - o problema da língua, de sua natureza heterogênea, fugidia; e, do outro, do modelo tradicional de tradução que se apoia na concepção de língua como algo homogêneo em que a diversidade, o diferente são vistos como pecado, como transgressão da linguagem (adâmica). (shrink)

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o livro de Marcos Nobre, publicado em 2018 com o título Como nasce o novo. A primeira parte deste artigo consiste em um comentário propriamente dito sobre a primeira parte do livro de Nobre, a qual consiste na apresentação do mesmo. A segunda parte do artigo faz uma breve análise da tradução ecomentários sobre a Introdução da Fenomenologia do Espírito de Hegel, realizados por Marcos Nobre na segunda parte de seu livro. O objetivo último (...) deste artigo é contudo, discutir com o autor sobre um problema específico presente em Como nasce o novo: o conceito hegeliano de absoluto. AbstractThe objective of this work is to analyze the book by Marcos Nobre, published in 2018 with the title Como nasce o novo. The first part of this article consists of a commentary on the first part of the Nobre’s book, which consists of its presentation. The second part of the article makes a brief analysis of the translation and the comments on the introduction to Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, carried out by Marcos Nobre in the second part of his book. The ultimate objective of this article is, however, to discuss with the author a specific problem presents in Como Nasce oNovo: the Hegelian concept of the absolute. (shrink)

Utilizando a abordagem discursivo-desconstrutiva, este trabalho busca refletir sobre a política linguística nacional veiculada nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Português (ensino fundamental) cujo discurso se traduz em um método sofisticado de controle e em uma forma eficaz de gerir a mudança (LAWN, 2001, p. 117) para impor uma nova identidade ao professor. Através dessa abordagem, pretende-se apresentar e discutir os resultados analisados, cujo foco recai sobre as representações da (s) identidade (s) e competências construídas para os professores neste discurso, representações (...) sociais da profissão do professor na sociedade contemporânea brasileira, marcada pelos acontecimentos que sucederam ao período ditatorial, portanto, a fase de redemocratização do país e de modernização do Estado frente às exigências da mundialização. Nessa perspectiva, pensamos em e com Foucault (1996, p. 45) quando afirma que “todo sistema de educação é uma maneira política de manter ou de modificar a apropriação dos discursos, com os saberes e os poderes que eles trazem consigo”. (shrink)

We prove that the (non-intuitionistic) law of the double negation shift has a bounded functional interpretation with bar recursive functionals of finite type. As an application. we show that full numerical comprehension is compatible with the uniformities introduced by the characteristic principles of the bounded functional interpretation for the classical case.

This paper aims to analyze the poem "Psychology of Composition" by João Cabral de Melo Neto, seeking to comprehend poetry and poetic creation through the phenomenon of language as understood by Martin Heidegger.

Bovens (2010) points out that there is a structural analogy between the Judy Benjamin problem (JB) and the Sleeping Beauty problem (SB). On grounds of this structural analogy, he argues that both should receive the same solution, viz. the posterior probability of the eastern region of the matrix in Table 1 should equal 1/3. Hence, P*(Red) = 1/3 in the JB and P*(Heads) = 1/3 in the SB. Bovens’s argument rests on a standard error in implementing Bayesian updating, which is (...) spelled out in Shafer 1985. When we are informed of some proposition, we do not only learn the proposition in question, but also that we have learned the proposition as one of the many propositions that we might have learned. The information is generated by a protocol, which determines the various propositions that we might learn. We should then update not on the proposition in question, but rather on the fact that we learned this proposition as one of the many propositions that we might have learned. A well-known application of this insight is the Monty Hall problem (MH) as Speed (1985: 276) points out in a discussion of Shafer 1985. As an illustration, let us apply Shafer’s insight to the MH. In the MH, the contestant in a game show learns that there is a goat behind two of three doors X, Y and Z and a car behind one door. She is asked to pick one of the three doors. The contestant picks door X. Monty will then open one of the remaining doors, which he knows to have a goat behind it. Suppose Monty opens door Y. The contestant is then asked whether she wants to …. (shrink)

O objetivo desta pesquisa é averiguar se no caso específico brasileiro, a judicialização da política seria ou não uma relação de correspondência a uma condição de subsidiariedade das demandas sociais dentro da arena legislativa que tem como definição cumprir a função de representação do povo, ou seja, o Poder Legislativo segue uma lógica democrática procedimental que provoca a necessidade da atuação do Poder judiciário sobre demandas da sociedade civil?

Created during a doctoral program to present the existing philosophical discourse on Candomblé, "vidante" means "life before the way of life of Candomblé." It seeks to break with the epistemic paradigms of the traditional philosophical canon—particularly regarding ontology, history, and poetics—while also challenging the centralist cultural paradigms present in African cosmoperception (Bantucracy and Nagocracy). Vidante (representation of Black people, concept, testimony) also disrupts the "zone of non-being" (a type of politics of death) described by Frantz Fanon, as its main objective (...) is to shift Black individuals from otherness to an "enchanted identity repatriation," capable of fostering healing and guiding them back to their ancestors. Vidante enthrones the orixá Logunedé to present enchantment as a specific philosophical approach within the ontoepistemic vein of African cosmoperception rooted in Candomblé. The emphasis on Logunedé does not centralize philosophy within the Yoruba tradition but instead reflects on the various paths through which this orixá converges. The living individual enthrones Logunedé to experience, express, and think in a spiraling and enchanted manner—also in the style of Exú and Saci Pererê—on this journey toward Candomblé to discuss identity repatriation. This repatriation draws many Black people to recompose their being—hitherto fragmented and expatriated—rather than merely conforming to an arrogant politics of life, which focuses more on the political aspect than on life itself. (shrink)

From an investigation of the theoretical, structural, methodological, and conceptual rudiments of the neurophenomenology, such as developed by Francisco Javier Varela, I seek, at first, to investigate the possibility of a theoretical model whose purpose consists in the integration between the subjective experience and the cerebral dynamic. To the study of the fundamental diagnosis of neurophenomenology — namely, the interpretation which Varela offers to the theoretical and methodological position of Chalmers’ ‘hard problem’ of consciousness —, I will associate the conception (...) of downward determination I borrow from the emergentism. My intention is to demonstrate that the notion of downward determination — as exemplified in meditative practice — can greatly contribute to the consolidation of a theoretical perspective for the problem of mind-body-life relations which is beyond the theoretical, structural, methodological and conceptual implications of the highly acclaimed ‘explanatory gap’. From my belief that meditation brings with it the possibility of filling the mind-body gap on a phenomenological level, I proceed to investigate the elements through which Buddhism and phenomenology can mutually benefit the sciences cognitive; in this sense, I am not presupposing the limitations, but rather the possibilities and the scope of the introspective method, as Varela has previously done in his neurophenomenology. (shrink)

O conceito de materialismo histórico-dialético constitui-se como algo essencial para o exame crítico das estruturas sociais. Desenvolvido por pensadores como Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, tal expressão busca examinar a história e a sociedade a partir de fundamentos materiais e econômicos. Por outro lado, a ideologia refere-se a uma gama de valores e crenças que moldam a visão global e validam as estruturas de poder existentes. Destacada, por algumas abordagens, como um instrumento de controle e dominação, essa ideia pode influenciar (...) comportamentos e ações sociais. Partido desses pressupostos, esse trabalho tem como objetivo abordar os fundamentos teóricos do materialismo histórico-dialético, enquanto instrumento para fundamentar uma crítica à ordem estabelecida pela ideologia da classe dominante. A pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem bibliográfica, indireta e qualitativa e as conclusões que podem ser destacadas revelaram que: Antoine de Tracy introduziu o conceito de ideologia como uma ciência das ideias, reduzindo-as a sensações simples. Por outro lado, Karl Marx e Antonio Gramsci desaprovam essa visão, mostrando como a ideologia serve aos interesses da classe dominante para manter sua supremacia. Já o materialismo histórico-dialético, ao enfatizar a influência do modo de produção material no desenvolvimento humano-social, pode emergir como uma antítese à ideologia, assim, a relação entre ideologia e materialismo histórico-dialético se estabelece na capacidade deste último de desafiar o discurso pró-capitalista, expondo suas contradições e promovendo a conscientização das classes oprimidas. (shrink)

In this short article I try to present the peculiar philosophy's understanding that turn up in the reflection that Gaston Bachelard devotes to the art and science.Neste breve artigo tento apresentar a compreensão singular de filosofia que aparece na reflexão que Gaston Bachelard dedica à arte e à literatura.

The use of transcranial Electrical Stimulation in the modulation of cognitive brain functions to improve neuropsychiatric conditions has extensively increased over the decades. tES techniques have also raised new challenges associated with study design, stimulation protocol, functional specificity, and dose-response relationship. In this paper, we addressed challenges through the emerging methodology to investigate the dose-response relationship of High Definition-transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, identifying the role of negative valence in tinnitus perception. In light of the neurofunctional testable framework and tES application, (...) hypotheses were formulated to measure clinical and surrogate endpoints. We posited that conscious pairing adequately pleasant stimuli with tinnitus perception results in correction of the loudness misperception and would be reinforced by concurrent active HD-tDCS on the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. The dose-response relationship between HD-tDCS specificity and the loudness perception is also modeled. We conducted a double-blind, randomized crossover pilot study with six recruited tinnitus patients. Accrued data was utilized to design a well-controlled adaptive seamless Bayesian dose-response study. The sample size and optimum interims were anticipated for adaptive decision-making about efficacy, safety, and single session dose parameters. Furthermore, preliminary pilot study results were sufficient to show a significant difference within the longitudinally detected self-report tinnitus loudness between before and under positive emotion induction. This study demonstrated a research methodology used to improve emotion regulation in tinnitus patients. In the projected method, positive emotion induction is essential for promoting functional targeting under HD-tDCS anatomical specificity to indicate the efficacy and facilitate the dose-finding process. The continuous updating of prior knowledge about efficacy and dose during the exploratory stage adapts the anticipated dose-response model. Consequently, the effective dose range to make superiority neuromodulation in correcting loudness misperception of tinnitus will be redefined. Highly effective dose adapts the study to a standard randomized trial and transforms it into the confirmatory stage in which active HD-tDCS protocol is compared with a sham trial. Establishing the HD-tDCS intervention protocols relying on this novel method provides reliable evidence for regulatory agencies to approve or reject the efficacy and safety. Furthermore, this paper supports a technical report for designing multimodality data-driven complementary investigations in emotion regulation, including EEG-driven neuro markers, Stroop-driven attention biases, and neuroimaging-driven brain network dynamics. (shrink)

From a conception of philosophy that breaks with the philosophical tradition, Wittgenstein presents a human being perspective that surpasses the classic dichotomy between body and soul, legacy by Modernity, when thinking of it as an integrated whole, a psychophysical unit. This understanding is possible thanks to the understanding of philosophy as an activity and not as a theory. At first, the philosopher understood that this activity was limited to the logical analysis of language; however, considering the insufficient approach to dissolve (...) philosophical problems, he gradually adopts the grammatical analysis of ordinary language, which turns to the uses of linguistic expressions, in order to identify the rules that guide the use of words with meaning. And so, attentive to linguistic practices, he understands that the human being is not divided into parts, but, on the contrary, that body and soul constitute a single reality. What is internal to the subject becomes visible through the external from its behavior in the world, and this is how the human being can be understood according to Wittgenstein. Considering that the Wittgensteinian conception of human being is an offshoot of his concept of philosophy, the article first presents the development of his understanding of philosophy to then detail the concept of human being that constitutes and is understood through the language itself. (shrink)

ResumoAs práticas culturais fundem, a todo o momento, diferentes relações entre sistemas culturais (EVEN-ZOHAR, 1990) que antes eram separados. Tais manifestações híbridas reconfiguram e desterritorializam processos simbólicos. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo realiza uma análise comparatista das relações intertextuais presentes na configuração artística do álbum Esú, do rapper brasileiro Baco Exu do Blues, em especial na faixa “Capitães de Areia” em relação ao romance quase homônimo de Jorge Amado, às referências à mitologia dos Erês, e à série fotográfica Laróyè, de (...) Mario Cravo Neto. Para analisar as implicações dessas inter-relações na configuração cultural e identitária da obra, buscamos aporte teórico-crítico no campo dos Estudos Culturais pela perspectiva de conceitos que tentam dar conta desses processos, acerca do Hibridismo, em Néstor García Canclini, e das reflexões sobre sincretismo religioso em Sérgio Ferretti.Palavras-chave: Capitães da Areia; Hibridismo; sincretismo religioso; práticas culturais. AbstractCultural practices merge, at all times, different relationships with cultural systems (EVENN-ZOHAR, 1991) that were previously separated. Such hybrid manifestations reconfigure and deterritorialize symbolic processes. In this sense, this article performs a comparative analysis of the intertextual relations present in the artistic configuration of the album Esú, by rapper Baco Exu do Blues, especially the track “Capitães de Areia” and references to the mythology of the Erês, to the novel by Jorge Amado and Laróyè photographic series by Mario Cravo Neto. To analyze the implications of these interrelations in the cultural and identity configuration of the work, we seek theoretical-critical support in the field of Cultural Studies from the perspective of concepts that try to account for these processes, about Hybridism in Néstor García Canclini and reflections on religious syncretism in Sérgio Ferreti.Keywords: Capitães da Areia; Hybridity; religious syncretism; cultural practices. (shrink)

I take as my starting point the evident fact that people are capable of modifying their beliefs in response to reasons in the course of deliberation. This fact is sufficient to make notions such as responsibility, blameworthiness, and praiseworthiness applicable to people with regard to their beliefs. If a state is such, and one is such, that one is capable of determining it through one’s best evaluations of reasons in the course of deliberation, then even if it isn’t under one’s (...) voluntary control, it is attributable to one as something for which one is appropriately held accountable. There is thus conceptual space for the possibility of one’s conducting oneself poorly or well with regard to it, and accordingly for the application of praise or criticism. And there is room for an evaluation of whether one has conducted oneself responsibly or irresponsibly – that is, whether one has proceeded in a way that takes proper account of the considerations which one reasonably could have been expected to take account of, or not. (shrink)

Nos últimos anos verifica-se uma divergência gradual no discurso sobre a sociedade da informação adotado pelos Estados Unidos e por outros países. Essa divergência está presente, por exemplo, nos diferentes resultados dos discursos no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Os Estados Unidos implementaram discurso, formas de financiamento e programas voltados para o acesso e atrelados às políticas de treinamento focadas na competência profissional. O Brasil desenvolveu um discurso mais complexo sobre o lugar da inclusão digital no contexto da inclusão social, (...) com debates relativos a competências profissionais, cidadania e necessidade de investimento na educação básica. No Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, os discursos e a respostas são diferentes em vários aspectos centrais, o que inclui o foco sobre raça e saúde. (shrink)

Suppose that it is possible to integrate real functions over a weak base theory related to polynomial time computability. Does it follow that we can count? The answer seems to be: obviously yes! We try to convince the reader that the severe restrictions on induction in feasible theories preclude a straightforward answer. Nevertheless, a more sophisticated reflection does indeed show that the answer is affirmative.

We argue that the basic notions of mathematics can only be properly formulated in an informal way. Mathematical notions transcend formalizations and their study involves the consideration of other mathematical notions. We explain the fundamental role of categoricity theorems in making these studies possible. We arrive at the conclusion that the enterprise of mathematics is not infallible and that it ultimately relies on degrees of evidence.

F.H. Bradley has been characterized by many commentators as something of a sceptic. And the reason why Bradley is often cast in this light is, I believe, largely a result of his theory of relations. As even the casual student is aware, the relational nature of all judgment leads, on Bradley’s analysis, to an infinite and, many have claimed, “vicious” regress. And when we add to this Bradley’s claim that all assertion is, at some level, “contradictory”, there seems to be (...) good reason for the sceptical moniker. What I would like to suggest in this paper, though, is that Bradley’s “scepticism” is not what it seems. Hence in what follows I shall argue that Bradley’s views on contradiction and contrariety are actually important aspects of his larger theory of knowledge; and, as such, they should be understood — not as doctrines whose intent is the condemnation of our ordinary inferences — but, rather, as a crucial component in the defense of such practices. What I hope to show, then, is that, far from being an endorsement of radical scepticism, Bradley’s theory of contradiction and contrariety is an effort to preserve the continuity between one judgment and another — a continuity that he sees as necessary to any coherent account of inference. But first some preliminaries. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta três teses fundamentais desenvolvidas por Friedrich Schelling em seu sistema de Filosofia da Natureza : A primeira responde à questão levantada por Kant sobre a possibilidade da construção na filosofia; a segunda baseia-se na interpretação do jovem Schelling sobre a teoria platônica sobre a criação da natureza; a terceira afirma a produtividade da natureza, com inspiração no conceito spinosana de natura naturans.